Report on the Nanotechnology for the Surface Coatings Industry Workshop
11th December, 2003, PRA Teddington, UK
1. Introduction
A group of 30 individuals, drawn mainly from PRA member companies, attended a Workshop on Nanotechnology for the surface coatings industry at the PRA in Teddington on 11th December, 2003. The Workshop had two objectives:
- To facilitate exchange of information on the current state-of-the-art of the application of nanotechnology in coatings.
- To initiate definition of a research project that might qualify for funding by the Department of Trade & Industry Micro and Nano Applied Research Programme.
2. Workshop Papers
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Eight papers were presented at the Workshop as follows:
- An overview of Nanotechnology: Definition and Potential, Prof Stephen Davidson (PDF, 420 KB)
- Hyper-branched materials, Roger Wallis (Wallis Surface Science) (Microsoft® Powerpoint®, 146 KB)
- Nano-colloids, Prof John Hay (University of Surrey) (Powerpoint, 3.93 MB)
- Titanium Dioxide, Julie Maltby (Millennium Chemicals) (Powerpoint, 1.21 MB)
- Clays, Roy Goodman (Imerys) (unable to attend) (Powerpoint, 4.96 MB)
- Silicas, Paul Hunt (Ineos Silicas) (Powerpoint, 440 KB)
- Dispersion, Dean Thetford (Avecia) (Powerpoint, 90 KB)
- "Smart" materials for innovative coatings, Siva Bohm (Corus) (PDF, 1.22 MB)
In addition, Richard Holman (PRA) gave an overview of the DTI's Micro and Nanotechnology initiative, and Prof. John Davison (Davison Chemographics) closed the session with a discussion on the potential challenges posed by MNT in ink and coating formulations.
A number of general points made during the presentations are summarised as follows:
- Nanotechnology in the coatings industry is not new. Emulsions and colloids in the nano particle size range (up to 100nm) have been available for many years, as have nano-scale pigments (TiO2, transparent iron oxide, carbon black).
- Novelty derives from the use of nanotechnology in new applications, through tailoring structures to deliver specific functions.
- Care must be taken in using the term "Nano" in the context of the general public, where there may be a negative, emotional response.
- How do we handle Intellectual Property issues in a collaborative project?
3. Potential applications for nanotechnology in surface coatings
Topics mentioned included:
- u.v. screen (skin care, wood protection)
- Air pollution (NOX) neutralisation
- Hygienic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial coatings
- Fire retardency
- Anti-graffiti coatings
- Self-healing coatings
- "Smart" coatings, responding to stimuli
- Improved mechanical properties (scratch resistance, toughness)
- Improved barrier properties (e.g. oxygen and water permeability, for packaging and metal protection)
4. Issues needing further consideration
- Achieving a homogeneous dispersion (avoiding agglomeration, flocculation, sedimentation)
- Need for a stable binder to resist the photocatalytic activity of nano-scale TiO2
- High production costs
- Ultra-fine powder handling issues
- Need for new formulating rules, replacing conventional PVC/CPVC concepts with Packing theory
- Definition and measurement of particle size
- Removal of acid from the reaction between TiO2 and NOX in air pollution coatings
5. The DTI Micro and Nanotechnology Initiative
The UK Government has announced a budget of £90 million to be used over the next six years to assist industry to harness the commercial opportunities offered by nanotechnology. Within this initiative, the DTI has allocated £50 million for an applied research programme. The PRA has already submitted an "Expression of Interest", based on a short poll of members in September 2003. A DTI launch meeting will be at the Business Design Centre in London on 28th January, 2004, after which a first call for proposals will be issued.
Based on previous experience, we expect companies with foreign ownership may be partners in collaborative projects, provided they have a UK presence in terms of a manufacturing plant or laboratory.
£40 million is to be assigned to the development of Micro-Nano Networks (MNN) of interest. Only two attendees had heard about this element of the initiative, of which one academic had active involvement.
There is some confusion as to the role of RDA's (Regional Development Authorities) in this process, which needs to be clarified.
6. Suggested Topics for Research Projects Proposals
Six possible projects were proposed, under the headings:
- Nano-reinforcement - using nano-materials as fillers to form composites, to enhance mechanical properties
- Nano-stabilisation - using nanoparticles as pigment stabilisers
- Nano-dispersion - gaining an understanding of the principles involved to avoid agglomeration, flocculation, sedimentation
- Nano-TiO2 - photocatalytic resistant binder selection
- Nanotechnology to deliver remote interrogation capability
- Nanotechnology to deliver self-healing capability
Attendees at the meeting, together with other interested organisations, will be circulated with a list of projects, and asked to indicate their support in terms of priorities and possible contributions.
Responses are required by January 18, to enable a summary to be prepared in advance of the DTI meeting on January 28.
The role anticipated for the PRA includes overall project management and integration of the research effort across the supply chain, formulation, validation of efficacy and the development of test methodology.
7. Miscellaneous
- A copy of a special edition of COMET "Nanotechnology Brief" had been prepared for distribution to attendees, containing a selection of the literature for 2001-2003.
- Attendees were provided with a sample copy of the new monthly WSCA publication - Nanotechnology Alert.
- Attendees were reminded of the forthcoming conference on Hygienic Coatings, to be held at Orlando, Florida on January 26 - 28, 2004.
- Attendees were polled for their interest in a conference on Nanotechnology, to be organised by the PRA in 2004 or 2005, in terms of attendance, providing a speaker and joining the steering committee.
For further information or an update on progress, please contact either
Richard Holman.